Marcin Frąckiewicz, Author at TechStock²

Internet Access Services in Kazakhstan

Kazakhtelecom accounts for roughly 60% of Kazakhstan’s telecom market by revenue in 2023 and owns major stakes in mobile operators Kcell and Tele2/Altel. Kar-Tel/Beeline Kazakhstan (VEON) holds about 28% market revenue and

10 March 2025

Internet Access in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Overview

Infrastructure and Major Service Providers Nigeria’s internet infrastructure relies on a combination of undersea fiber-optic cables, terrestrial networks, and a handful of dominant service providers. Multiple international submarine cables land in Nigeria,

3 March 2025

Connectivity · Digital · Internet · Nigeria · Technology

Internet Access in Sudan

Sudan’s internet backbone is centered at Port Sudan and links land via the East Africa Submarine System (EASSy) and FLAG/FALCON, with terrestrial fiber reaching Egypt and Ethiopia. Sudatel (Sudani) is over 60%

25 February 2025

Access · Connectivity · Internet · Sudan · Technology

Internet Access in Yemen: Overview and Key Aspects

Yemen’s bandwidth is dominated by a single aging subsea cable, the FALCON/FLAG system, landing at the Red Sea port of Hodeidah, with only a narrow backup via Djibouti and some satellite links.

24 February 2025

Connectivity · Internet · Overview · Technology · Yemen

Internet Access in Iraq

The Ministry of Communications (MoC) controls the national fiber backbone and international gateways and leases bandwidth to private ISPs at wholesale prices around $50 per 1 Mbps. As of 2021, Iraq had

24 February 2025

Access · Connectivity · Internet · Iraq · Technology

Internet Access in Afghanistan: A Comprehensive Overview

Mobile subscriptions grew from zero in 2001 to nearly 100% penetration by 2021. A nationwide fiber-optic backbone was being rolled out, including a 400 km cross-border fiber link to China via the

24 February 2025

Afghanistan · Connectivity · Internet · Overview · Technology

Internet Access in Ukraine: Overview

Over 4,200 ISPs were registered in August 2024, with Kyivstar leading the market at about 19%, Vodafone Ukraine around 9%, and Lifecell around 5%. Ukraine has 52 active data centers and 24

24 February 2025

Connectivity · Digital Access · Internet · Technology · Ukraine

Internet Access in Mozambique

Mozambique’s internet infrastructure is heavily mobile-dominated, with three main operators—Vodacom Mozambique (about 50% market share), Movitel, and Tmcel—while fixed-line broadband remains minimal. Tmcel has accumulated over $400 million in debt and is

23 February 2025

Communication · Connectivity · Internet · Mozambique · Technology

Internet Access in Libya: A Comprehensive Overview

Libya’s core internet framework is state-dominated under the Libyan Post, Telecommunication and Information Technology Company (LPTIC), with LTT as the leading fixed broadband and data services ISP, Libyana and Al-Madar Al-Jadeed as

16 February 2025

Access · Internet · Libya · Overview · Technology

Internet Access in China

By the end of 2023, about 1.09 billion Chinese residents were online (roughly 77.5% of the population), with over 99% of users accessing the net via mobile phones. China’s three major Internet

10 February 2025

Access · China · Internet · Society · Technology

Internet Access in Syria

History of Internet Development in Syria Syria was relatively late in opening internet access to the public. An internet connection was established in the country by 1997, but for years Syria was

7 February 2025

Access · Internet · Middle East · Syria · Technology