Marcin Frąckiewicz

CEO of TS2 Space and founder of TS2.tech. Expert in satellites, telecommunications, and emerging technologies, covering trends in space, AI, and connectivity.

10 Gbps in Paradise: Inside Seychelles’ High-Speed Internet Revolution (and the Satellite Showdown)

10 Gbps in Paradise: Inside Seychelles’ High-Speed Internet Revolution (and the Satellite Showdown)

The Seychelles East Africa System (SEAS) became Seychelles’ first major undersea cable, linking the islands to continental Africa in the early 2010s and ending reliance on satellites. In August 2021, Intelvision secured support to lease a branch of the 2Africa submarine cable, enabling 600 Gbps of international capacity and added redundancy. Cable & Wireless Seychelles (CWS) began a nationwide Fibre-to-the-Home rollout in 2017, aiming to replace all copper lines with fiber by 2020. By late 2024, Cable & Wireless Seychelles launched “GigaNet,” Africa’s first 10 Gbps broadband service, using 50G-PON technology. International bandwidth available to Seychelles’ ISPs grew from about
29 May 2025
State of Internet Access in Mexico: The Digital Divide, Ground and Sky

State of Internet Access in Mexico: The Digital Divide, Ground and Sky

As of early 2024, Mexico had over 107 million internet users, about 83% of the population. Fixed broadband is increasingly fiber-based, with around 70% of fixed connections using fiber (FTTH) and Telmex migrating about 85% of its broadband customers from DSL to fiber. Red Compartida, launched in 2018 by Altán Redes, reached 95.3% of the population by June 2024, exceeding its 92.2% target. CFE TEIT started in 2022 and had installed 91,000 free Wi‑Fi access points nationwide by early 2024. Mexico’s mobile market reached 125.4 million active mobile lines by early 2024, about 97% of the population. 5G rollout progressed
29 May 2025
Fire, Ice, and Fiber: How Iceland’s Internet Leaves the World in the Dust

Fire, Ice, and Fiber: How Iceland’s Internet Leaves the World in the Dust

Fixed fiber dominates Iceland’s broadband, with FTTH at 88.7% of fixed lines and over 93% of homes having gigabit-capable fiber, including at least 1 Gbps nationwide and 10 Gbps in most areas. Iceland is linked internationally by four submarine cables—FARICE-1, DANICE, Greenland Connect, and IRIS (launched in 2023 to Ireland)—totaling 208.8 Tbit/s of capacity, of which about 3 Tbit/s is currently used. Three mobile operators—Síminn, Vodafone Iceland (Sýn), and Nova—provide nationwide 4G/5G, with Nova launching 5G in 2020 and Síminn and Vodafone in 2021. By 2023, 5G signals blanket most towns and transit routes across Iceland, with widespread 4G/5G coverage
29 May 2025
The Shocking Truth Behind Chile’s Internet Boom: 96% Connected (and Counting)

The Shocking Truth Behind Chile’s Internet Boom: 96% Connected (and Counting)

As of early 2024, 96.5% of Chilean households have internet access, up from about 70.2% in 2015. Fixed broadband subscriptions reached 4.52 million in 2023, or 22.6 per 100 inhabitants. As of late 2023, nearly 70% of fixed connections are fiber-optic (FTTH/B), with copper DSL largely replaced. 96.8% of urban households and 94.5% of rural households have internet access, narrowing the urban–rural gap to about 2 percentage points. Chile launched 5G in December 2021, and by late 2024 there were over 5.3 million 5G users, with roughly 40% of mobile subscriptions 5G-capable. Starlink commands about 58% of Chile’s satellite internet
29 May 2025
Out of Signal? These Phones Talk to Space! The Truth About Satellite SMS and Satellite Phones

Out of Signal? These Phones Talk to Space! The Truth About Satellite SMS and Satellite Phones

The iPhone 14 introduced Emergency SOS via satellite in September 2022 using the Globalstar network, with a US/Canada launch in November 2022 and expansion to 17 countries by mid-2024. The Huawei Mate 60 Pro, released in August 2023, became the world’s first smartphone to support direct satellite voice calls via China’s Tiantong-1 GEO constellation. Iridium operates 66 active LEO satellites in polar orbits, providing truly worldwide coverage including the poles, with cross-links between satellites. Globalstar is a LEO network with dozens of satellites in ~52° inclination, covering most populated areas but not polar regions. Apple’s Emergency SOS and Messages via
29 May 2025
Inside OneWeb’s Global Internet Play: How This Satellite Network Is Quietly Disrupting Starlink’s Orbit

Inside OneWeb’s Global Internet Play: How This Satellite Network Is Quietly Disrupting Starlink’s Orbit

OneWeb’s first-generation constellation comprises 648 LEO satellites at about 1,200 km altitude, each ~150 kg, using Ku-band for user links and Ka-band for gateways, with 16 spot beams and no inter-satellite laser links, delivering up to 7.2 Gbps per satellite. By late 2021, OneWeb achieved partial service in high-latitude regions, focusing on the Arctic, Northern Europe, Greenland, and Alaska. On March 25, 2023, the first-generation constellation reached 614 operational satellites, exceeding the minimum ~588 satellites required for global coverage, with 648 planned total. In September 2023, OneWeb merged with France’s Eutelsat to form Eutelsat OneWeb, making Eutelsat the 100% owner
29 May 2025
Sky-Fi Revolution: How Starlink Is Reshaping Global Internet Access

Sky-Fi Revolution: How Starlink Is Reshaping Global Internet Access

Starlink is a SpaceX satellite internet constellation that began launching in 2019 to deliver broadband virtually anywhere on Earth. As of late 2024, SpaceX had launched over 7,000 Starlink satellites, with FCC authorization for about 12,000 and potential expansion beyond 30,000 in the future. Starlink satellites orbit at approximately 550 km altitude in multiple orbital shells, enabling lower latency than geostationary satellites. SpaceX reached 1 million Starlink subscribers by the end of 2022 and 4 million by September 2024. Each Starlink satellite is equipped with phased-array antennas, and some models include inter-satellite laser links for in-space data routing. The network
29 May 2025
Brazil’s Digital Divide: The Real Story Behind Internet Access and the Race to Connect Everyone

Brazil’s Digital Divide: The Real Story Behind Internet Access and the Race to Connect Everyone

As of 2023, about 88% of Brazilians aged 10 or older used the internet, equal to roughly 164 million people. In 2023, about 92.5% of Brazilian households had internet access. Regional disparities exist, with the Central-West around 91% online in 2023 while the North and Northeast hovered around 85%. Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) has surged, and by late 2024 fiber accounted for about 77% of fixed broadband subscriptions, with about 41.3 million fiber connections out of roughly 53 million fixed lines. 4G coverage is virtually universal, with 4G available in all 5,570 municipalities and over 98% of the population covered. The November
29 May 2025
State of Internet Access in Argentina: Fiber, 5G, and Satellite in 2025

State of Internet Access in Argentina: Fiber, 5G, and Satellite in 2025

Argentina had about 40.6 million internet users and an internet penetration of 88% in early 2024, according to DataReportal. Fixed broadband subscriptions reached 11.9 million by end-2024, including about 4.8 million fiber subscriptions, up roughly 1 million that year. Fiber grew to represent about 41% of fixed broadband lines nationwide by late 2024, up from roughly 34% at end-2023. In October 2023, a 3.5 GHz mid-band spectrum auction allocated 250 MHz to Claro, Movistar, and Personal, enabling broader 5G deployment. In February 2024, Argentina authorized low Earth orbit satellite providers Starlink, OneWeb, and Kuiper to operate nationwide. Starlink began accepting
29 May 2025
Inside Nicaragua’s Digital Frontier: The Truth About Internet Access and Satellite Connectivity

Inside Nicaragua’s Digital Frontier: The Truth About Internet Access and Satellite Connectivity

As of early 2025 Nicaragua had 8.71 million mobile connections, about 125% of the population, with more than 95% of lines capable of 3G/4G broadband. In January 2025, 4.47 million Nicaraguans used the internet, equal to 64.1% of the population. There were about 371,000 fixed broadband subscriptions in 2023, 5.43 per 100 people, with most lines in urban areas and fixed access below 6% nationwide. Since 2023 the government has activated free public Wi‑Fi hotspots in 25 parks, managed by TELCOR and municipalities. By 2023 about 87.4% of the population had 4G coverage and over 94% had 3G coverage, though
29 May 2025
Connecting the Unconnected: The State of Internet Access in the Central African Republic

Connecting the Unconnected: The State of Internet Access in the Central African Republic

As of January 2024, CAR had 616,600 internet users, 10.6% internet penetration, and about 89% of the population remained offline. In 2024 there were 1.86 million active cellular mobile connections, equating to a 32.0% mobile penetration. About 56% of Central Africans live in rural areas, with only around 14% of households having electricity. The Central African Backbone fiber project delivered a ~900 km national backbone with 11 PoPs, completed in 2023, linking Bangui to Cameroon and the Republic of Congo, and it spawned a Digital Training Center in Bangui (opened 2023) and the Central African Digital Development Agency. Orange Centrafrique
29 May 2025
Stay Connected in NYC Without Breaking the Bank: The Ultimate Tourist Guide to Wi-Fi & Data

Stay Connected in NYC Without Breaking the Bank: The Ultimate Tourist Guide to Wi-Fi & Data

LinkNYC has deployed over 2,200 kiosks across all five boroughs, delivering free gigabit Wi-Fi, USB charging ports, and maps on built-in tablets. LinkNYC kiosks require no password to connect and broadcast free Wi-Fi to anyone nearby. All NYC subway stations now offer free Wi-Fi on the TransitWirelessWiFi network, though signal may drop in tunnels. JFK, LaGuardia (LGA), and Newark (EWR) airports provide free unlimited Wi-Fi for passengers, with networks such as JFK-Free-WiFi or _Free LGA WiFi. Free Wi-Fi is available in major parks such as Central Park, Bryant Park, Washington Square Park, and the High Line, often via LinkNYC or
29 May 2025
Internet Access in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Report

Internet Access in the Philippines: A Comprehensive Report

As of early 2025, about 97.5 million Filipinos used the internet, representing 83.8% of the population. The Philippines is an archipelago of more than 7,600 islands, which makes laying fiber and building cell towers across distant areas difficult and costly. Mobile SIM penetration stood at about 123% by end-2024, with around 120+ million mobile subscriptions in late 2024. Around 16% of Filipinos were still offline at the start of 2025, roughly 18–19 million people, due to access and affordability gaps. Fixed broadband total subscribers in 2024 were about 7 million, with fiber-based services dominating urban areas and Metro Manila having
21 May 2025
Internet Access in Russia

Internet Access in Russia

As of early 2025, Russia had about 133 million internet users, a penetration rate of 92.2% of the population. Russia’s backbone includes over 100 data centers and 38 Internet Exchange Points, with Moscow and St. Petersburg acting as major hubs. There were 216 million active mobile cellular connections in 2025, equal to about 150% of the population, and about 95% of these connections are broadband. Fixed broadband is dominated by fiber, with FTTH/FTTB accounting for more than 90% of fixed lines in many regions and over 31 million fiber broadband subscribers by 2022. In 2023 Russia had approximately 110 mobile
15 May 2025
Internet Access in India: A Comprehensive Guide for Residents and Tourists

Internet Access in India: A Comprehensive Guide for Residents and Tourists

As of early 2024, India had about 750–950 million internet users, roughly 50–68% of the population, with rural users totaling over 440 million. There are over 1.15 billion mobile connections in use, and more than 95% of internet subscriptions are via wireless mobile networks. Fixed broadband accounts for roughly 4% of subscriptions, with about 40–45 million wired connections nationwide. Fiber-to-the-home and DSL dominate fixed broadband, with fiber plans offering 50 Mbps to 1 Gbps in many metro and tier-2 cities. Entry-level fiber plans start around ₹399–₹499 per month for about 30–40 Mbps unlimited data. 4G coverage now reaches about 99%
15 May 2025
Kuala Lumpur’s Lightning-Fast Internet: Blazing Speeds or Overhyped Connection?

Kuala Lumpur’s Lightning-Fast Internet: Blazing Speeds or Overhyped Connection?

Malaysia’s internet penetration exceeds 97% of the population, with mobile subscriptions around 130%. Fiber broadband in Kuala Lumpur is widely available, dominated by Telekom Malaysia’s Unifi, with TIME dotCom, Maxis, and CelcomDigi as major players; TIME offers symmetrical speeds up to 1 Gbps in many high-rise residences. By early 2024, about 3.32 million of Malaysia’s 4.19 million premises had been fiberized under the JENDELA program, with Kuala Lumpur a focal point of the upgrades. 4G coverage is essentially universal in KL (about 97–98%), while 5G coverage exceeded 80% nationwide by end-2023 and is strong in the city center. 5G rollout
15 May 2025
Connected Malaysia 2025: A Complete Guide to Fiber, Mobile, Satellite & Public Internet Access

Connected Malaysia 2025: A Complete Guide to Fiber, Mobile, Satellite & Public Internet Access

JENDELA (Jalinan Digital Negara) runs 2020–2025 and, by 2022 Phase 1 exceeded targets with 4G reaching about 97% of the population and fiber broadband deployed to 7.74 million premises, with Phase 2 targeting 100% population coverage in populated areas by end-2025. 4G coverage is about 97% of populated areas, with roughly 3% in geographies where access remains difficult, particularly in remote Sabah and Sarawak. Starlink Malaysia received a 10-year license in 2023, became commercially available mid-2023, with a monthly RM220 service, hardware kits priced around RM2,300 (standard) or RM11,000 (enterprise), delivering up to about 100 Mbps down and 20–40 ms
15 May 2025
Internet Access in Singapore: A Comprehensive Overview

Internet Access in Singapore: A Comprehensive Overview

The nationwide fiber backbone, the Next Gen NBN, uses NetLink Trust for passive infrastructure and a structural separation that lets Singtel, StarHub, and M1 jointly serve over 98% of fixed-line subscribers. Singapore’s average fixed broadband speed was about 336 Mbps in January 2025, making it the fastest globally. The government plans a 10 Gbps symmetric nationwide upgrade by 2026, with 10 Gbps trials already underway by MyRepublic. By end-2024, 5G coverage was effectively island-wide, with StarHub reporting >99% outdoor coverage and Singtel delivering full 5G across MRT underground lines. 3G networks were retired in 2024, with M1 shutting down in
15 May 2025
Internet Access in Bangkok, Thailand: A Comprehensive Guide

Internet Access in Bangkok, Thailand: A Comprehensive Guide

Bangkok’s connectivity is among Southeast Asia’s best, with Thailand ranking 13th globally for fixed broadband speeds in early 2025 at about 237 Mbps, driven by Bangkok’s dense fiber backbone and data centers. Bangkok was among the first Thai cities to deploy FTTH, making fiber the default home internet in urban areas with typical speeds from 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps and providers offering plans such as AIS Fibre 100 Mbps for 399 THB/month and 1 Gbps for 999 THB/month. 4G coverage is essentially universal in Bangkok and 5G began in 2020, with 5G in the city center typically around 100
15 May 2025
Internet Access in Phuket: A Tourist-Focused Overview

Internet Access in Phuket: A Tourist-Focused Overview

Phuket has widespread fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) with speeds up to 1 Gbps, and some cases 2 Gbps. AIS announced by mid-2024 that its 5G network reached 95% of Thailand’s population, including Phuket. 5G launched in 2020 and Phuket was among the first areas to receive it, along with Bangkok and Chiang Mai. Patong City launched free citywide Wi‑Fi using Cisco and CAT Telecom, via the SmartCityFreeWiFi network managed by Meraki. AIS tourist SIMs include an 8-day package for about 399 THB with 25 GB of high-speed data, plus 15- and 30-day options. 4G speeds in Phuket typically range 30–100 Mbps, while
15 May 2025

Stock Market Today

PetroChina Class A stock rises with oil rebound — what 601857 traders watch next week

PetroChina Class A stock rises with oil rebound — what 601857 traders watch next week

7 February 2026
PetroChina A-shares rose 2.3% to 10.77 yuan Friday, outperforming the Shanghai Composite, which fell 0.25%. Crude prices rebounded, with Brent settling at $68.05 a barrel, as traders tracked U.S.-Iran talks and new EU sanctions proposals. About 198.5 million PetroChina shares traded in the session. Investors await the company’s next earnings report later this quarter.
Morgan Stanley stock price bounces after three-day slide; what to watch before Monday

Morgan Stanley stock price bounces after three-day slide; what to watch before Monday

7 February 2026
Morgan Stanley shares rose 2.34% to $179.96 Friday, snapping a three-day slide as the Dow closed above 50,000 for the first time. About 9.1 million MS shares traded hands. The rebound followed Thursday’s 2.35% drop and came amid renewed rate-cut speculation and surging AI spending. Morgan Stanley remains 6.6% below its January high.
Lam Research stock price jumps 8% as chip rally returns — what to watch next week

Lam Research stock price jumps 8% as chip rally returns — what to watch next week

7 February 2026
Lam Research shares surged 8.3% to $231.01 Friday, with after-hours trading flat. The move followed a broad rally in chip stocks, pushing the PHLX semiconductor index up 5.7% as Nvidia, AMD, and Broadcom advanced. Lam announced a $0.26 quarterly dividend and a senior executive exercised 53,925 shares. Investors await U.S. jobs and inflation data next week.
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