Introduction Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has caused massive destruction and human suffering, setting the stage for Europe’s largest reconstruction effort since World War II. More than 26,000 civilians have been killed or injured, and millions of Ukrainians have been uprooted from their homes. As of mid-2025, roughly 3.7 million people remain internally…
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Hungary’s internet landscape has transformed dramatically in recent years. Once defined by slow DSL connections and patchy rural coverage, the country is now pushing the boundaries with nationwide fiber-optic networks, expansive 4G/5G mobile broadband, and even satellite internet options. This report provides a comprehensive overview of internet access in Hungary – spanning fixed broadband (fiber,…
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Countries and Companies Supplying Drones to Ukraine Types and Models of Drones Used by Ukraine (by Function) Ukraine employs a vast array of drones, both military-grade and civilian, serving different functions on and off the battlefield. Below are the major categories of drone types and notable models in each category: Ukrainian Drone Manufacturers and Domestic…
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Customs and Tax Rules for Drone Imports Since Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022, Ukraine has significantly relaxed import taxes and procedures for drones and related military tech. Normally, imported drones would incur standard import duty (customs tariff) and a 20% value-added tax (VAT). However, wartime measures have waived these costs for most drone imports: In…
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Taxes and Customs Duties on Drone Imports Current Tax Exemptions: As of 2023, Ukraine has waived value-added tax (VAT) and customs duties on the import of drones and related equipment due to the wartime need kyivindependent.com. In February 2023, the parliament adopted bills abolishing VAT (normally 20%) and import tariffs on drones, thermal imagers, night…
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Estonia, often dubbed a Baltic tech star, has transformed itself into one of the most digitally advanced societies. From nearly universal internet access on the ground to new connectivity options beaming down from satellites, Estonia’s internet revolution touches every corner – even rural farms and outer space. This report explores the state of Estonia’s internet…
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Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as decision-making and pattern recognition coursera.org. Cybersecurity, on the other hand, is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from digital attacks cisco.com. In recent years, these two domains have converged in transformative ways. AI techniques are being…
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Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly intertwined with modern space technology, enabling spacecraft and satellites to operate more autonomously and efficiently than ever before. From helping Mars rovers navigate alien terrain to processing vast streams of Earth observation data in orbit, AI techniques like machine learning and automated planning are revolutionizing how we explore and…
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A New Antenna Revolution Flat-panel and phased-array antennas – once niche technologies reserved for defense and aerospace – are now at the forefront of a global connectivity revolution. From satellite broadband dishes to 5G base stations and radar sensors in self-driving cars, these advanced antennas are rapidly gaining commercial traction. The period from 2024 to…
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A New Space Race in Satellite Manufacturing The satellite manufacturing industry is entering a boom period from 2024 through 2033, with “bus” platforms – the modular chassis of satellites – at the center of a fierce global competition. Established aerospace giants are vying with agile NewSpace startups to meet surging demand for satellites across Low-Earth…
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