Mateusz Kaczmarek

Bulgaria has a well-developed internet infrastructure for a country of its size. In recent years, the nation has invested heavily in high-speed broadband networks, especially fiber-optic lines in urban areas Budde. This has led to excellent cross-platform competition in fixed broadband – customers can access the internet via digital subscriber line, cable, and increasingly fiber-to-the-home networks Budde. By early 2021, about 65% of fixed broadband subscribers were already on fiber connections, as users migrated off older DSL lines Budde. Mobile network infrastructure is also robust: 4G LTE services became widely available in the mid-2010s, and 5G was launched commercially in 2020 Budde. Two of the country’s largest operators turned on 5G networks in 2020, and by the end of 2022 around 70% of the population was expected to be under 5G coverage Budde. International internet connectivity is maintained via high-capacity fiber links to European internet hubs, and there are local internet exchange points that help keep domestic traffic efficient. Overall, Bulgaria’s internet landscape has transformed significantly over the past decade, evolving from legacy copper networks to modern fiber and 5G systems.