Author: Marcin Frąckiewicz

Introduction to Mobile & Portable Satellite Internet A SpaceX Starlink satellite dish set up outdoors. Portable satellite internet terminals like this bring high-speed connectivity to remote areas in 2025.Mobile and portable satellite internet delivers broadband connectivity from satellites in space directly to users on the move or in remote locations. Instead of relying on traditional…
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Introduction Imagine getting ultra-fast internet in the middle of the ocean or deep in a remote village, all thanks to satellites orbiting above. 5G satellite internet is an emerging paradigm that fuses next-generation 5G wireless technology with satellite networks to deliver broadband connectivity virtually anywhere on Earth. By leveraging constellations of low Earth orbit (LEO)…
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Countries and Companies Supplying Drones to Ukraine Types and Models of Drones Used by Ukraine (by Function) Ukraine employs a vast array of drones, both military-grade and civilian, serving different functions on and off the battlefield. Below are the major categories of drone types and notable models in each category: Ukrainian Drone Manufacturers and Domestic…
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Customs and Tax Rules for Drone Imports Since Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022, Ukraine has significantly relaxed import taxes and procedures for drones and related military tech. Normally, imported drones would incur standard import duty (customs tariff) and a 20% value-added tax (VAT). However, wartime measures have waived these costs for most drone imports: In…
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Introduction and Background Fiber-optic guided drones – UAVs that communicate via a physical fiber-optic cable rather than radio – have emerged as a game-changing technology in the Ukraine–Russia war. Though the concept of wire-guided munitions is not new (wire-guided anti-tank missiles like the U.S. TOW and Israel’s Spike have been in service for decades), applying…
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Taxes and Customs Duties on Drone Imports Current Tax Exemptions: As of 2023, Ukraine has waived value-added tax (VAT) and customs duties on the import of drones and related equipment due to the wartime need kyivindependent.com. In February 2023, the parliament adopted bills abolishing VAT (normally 20%) and import tariffs on drones, thermal imagers, night…
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Executive snapshot 1. Where the law stands today (mid-2025) Jurisdiction Binding instrument Status & key 2025 deadlines Direct requirements for generative / foundation models European Union Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 – “AI Act” Entered into force 1 Aug 2024; prohibitions apply 2 Feb 2025; general-purpose model rules kick in 2 Aug 2025 and most other obligations…
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What Are Generative Ethics and Responsible AI? Generative AI refers to algorithms (like advanced language models, image generators, etc.) that can produce new content – text, images, audio, and more – in response to prompts. These systems “fundamentally [transform] how businesses operate” by creating novel outputs from complex data techtarget.com. Generative ethics is the field…
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Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as decision-making and pattern recognition coursera.org. Cybersecurity, on the other hand, is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from digital attacks cisco.com. In recent years, these two domains have converged in transformative ways. AI techniques are being…
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Introduction Generative AI has transformed from a tech buzzword into a reality reshaping daily life and business in 2025. Tools like ChatGPT and image generators moved from novelties to essential assistants in classrooms, offices, and creative studios. The global generative AI market is soaring – projected to reach about $32 billion in 2025, up 53.7%…
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