Sky-High Carbon Removal Showdown: Climeworks Gen 2 vs. Heirloom Limestone vs. Carbon Engineering’s AIR2 DAC
Climeworks’ Mammoth DAC plant in Iceland began partial operation in May 2024, capturing about 100 tons of CO₂ with 12 of 72 modules. Heirloom launched a 1,000 t/yr plant in California in 2023 and plans Louisiana hubs scaling to 320,000 t/yr, backed by $600 million in DOE funding. Carbon Engineering’s Stratos plant in Texas, under construction, targets 500,000 t/yr using liquid KOH technology. Microsoft agreed to buy up to 315,000 t/yr of CO₂ removal from Heirloom.